Monkey Dust Addiction

A 2024 article from the BBC highlights the alarming dangers of a street drug known as ‘monkey dust.’ The documentary Drug Maps of Britain recently delved into the impact of this substance, particularly in Stoke-On-Trent, a Staffordshire city with notably high rates of monkey dust use. Despite its previously legal status and seemingly harmless name, public awareness of the drug’s harmful effects remains insufficient. Monkey dust has been linked to severe cardiovascular complications, dangerous interactions with other substances, compulsive use, and violent behaviour, making it a serious emerging threat.

But what exactly is monkey dust? What does a high from this drug entail, and why has it become such a potent and dangerous force in the drug scene? More importantly, what support is available for those struggling with monkey dust addiction, and how can individuals access treatment?

Young man consulting with the doctor

What is monkey dust?

The so-called monkey dust drug is a substance containing synthetic cathinones. Cathinones are compounds that exist in the natural environment – they can be found in a small shrub called catha edulis (often referred to as ‘khat’). When found in nature, cathinone is extracted from thes”kha”shrubs endogenous to specific areas of southern Arabia athese’khat’shrubs. However, it is possible to produce synthetic cathinones. These are made by creating a compound that mimics the mechanism of the khat plant’s psychoactive ingredient to experience their stimulant properties.

Initially, drugs containing synthetic cathinones were sold online as a ‘legal high.’ The intention was to market a substance with adjacent effects to controlled and illegal drugs like cocaine and amphetamine. This language around monkey dust can suggest that the drug is safe to use. However, reports indicate that the substance has the power to take ‘hold of a city’ following its explosion in Stoke-On Trent, UK.

Monkey dust may also be sold by the following names:

  • Butylone
  • Methylone
  • Mdpv
  • Magic crystals
  • M1
  • Pyrovalerone

Monkey dust has various methods of use. Whilst most people inhale synthetic cathinones by snorting, some people take the drug through swallowing pills (or as a form of ingestion known as ‘bombing’) whilst others smoke or even inject the drug. Each method of use carries their own specific health risks in addition to the general ill-effects linked with monkey dust.

The effects of monkey dust

The initial high linked to synthetic cathinones can be very unpredictable. Whilst many people report euphoria or similar sensations, others report more distressing symptoms, including agitation, anxiety, paranoia and reduced inhibitions.

Since initial reports of use, levels of monkey dust use have been steadily increasing. In response to this, political representatives and mental health professionals alike have called for a reclassification of the drug from a Class B to a Class A in order to better represent its dangers better. This comes at a time when, in comparison to substances of similar strength, monkey dust is significantly ‘cheaper’ and more ‘readily available.’ This poses a huge potential community risk, especially in deprived urban areas.

Physical Impacts

Stimulants act by effectively overwhelming our central nervous systems. This direct interaction with the activity in our brains causes the psychoactive rush of a stimulant high. However, this can also lead the brain and body to respond in unexpected ways. The physical risks of ‘over-stimulating the nervous system’ are very high. This means that monkey dust use has become linked with the following bodily dangers:

  • Seizures
  • Involuntary muscle movements / spasms
  • Heart damage
  • ‘Monkey dust stroke,’

These complications increase the risk of toxicity, which can result in overdose-related sudden death.

Psychological impacts

In the BBC article published alongside the new documentary on the drug, a charity worker showed genuine concern about the number of people’ suffering with psychosis’ following the use of monkey dust. She explained how ‘”[p]eople are not entirely in touch with reality,” she said. “One of the bigger issues [is] people’s behaviour. Monkey dust is quite unpredictable.”‘

Given their psychoactive effects – which often lead to hallucinations and a confused sense of what is real – stimulant drugs are generally associated with an increased risk of violence. Monkey dust has been linked with a range of distressing acts in recent years, such as multiple reports of arson, grievous bodily harm and domestic violence.

Addiction risk

Anecdotal reports from users and healthcare practitioners alike indicate that monkey dust use is characterised by extreme impulsivity. Many users report being unable to stop using the drug until their stock is gone, leading to very heavy repeat use in a short period of time. This can lead to significant shifts in neurotransmitter levels that acts to reinforce repeat use. This can influence a severe attachment to monkey dust that requires formal intervention.

Monkey dust rehab

Despite only being on the scene since the early 2000s, it is possible to seek professional addiction treatment for monkey dust. Combining a detoxification phase with a range of targeted psychotherapeutic interventions aims to address short-term cravings and long-term risks. The goal of rehab is to cut the cycle of use and reduce the risk of relapse in the future. This may mean that management of anxiety, depression, insomnia, chronic stress, trauma or other related dual diagnoses may need to be implemented during rehab treatment.

Man in depression

Find support

Living with addiction can feel like wading through deep water – but you do not need to carry the burden alone. At Oasis Recovery Runcorn, we offer the opportunity to engage with bespoke treatment programmes designed with you in mind. Staffed by a specialist clinical team and providing support for a range of substance addictions, behavioural addictions and dual diagnosis care, contacting us can mark the beginning of your journey to a life free of addiction. Our services are professional, confidential and judgement-free. Contact us today for more information.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does monkey dust stay in your system?
The length of time substances stay in our system depends on a range of factors:

  • How much we’ve taken 
  • The strength of the drug
  • Previous history of use 
  • Metabolism and body size
  • If you have taken other drugs at the same time 

The effects of synthetic cathinone, like monkey dust, can be felt for up to 12 hours, making the drug unusually powerful and long-lasting.

Why is monkey dust so addictive?
Monkey dust and drugs in the same family tend to mimic specific stimulant drugs. This means that the high and mechanism of action of monkey dust can be described as similar to those related to amphetamine and ecstasy. This suggests that monkey dust addiction is driven by psychological dependency due to the biochemical changes and sensations associated with repeat use.
What are the dangers of monkey dust abuse?
Since entering the scene in the 2010s, the media has reported on the various effects of monkey dust drug effects. Abusing synthetic cathinones signals various threats to the mind and body, such as producing:

  • Heart complications 
  • Seizures and fits 
  • Negative interactions with other drugs
  • Engagement in risky, violent or otherwise unsafe behaviours 
  • An increase in anxiety leads to unpredictability following use

(Click here to see works cited)

  • https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-68275288
  • https://www.nihr.ac.uk/news/new-research-explores-the-use-of-new-psychoactive-substances-by-young-people/21875
  • https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/synthetic-cathinones-bath-salts
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905534/
  • https://www.nihr.ac.uk/news/new-research-explores-the-use-of-new-psychoactive-substances-by-young-people/21875
  • https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-68275288
  • https://www.talktofrank.com/drug/cathinones#how-do-people-take-it
  • https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-68275288
  • https://www.smf.co.uk/commentary_podcasts/drugs-policy-levelling-up/
  • https://www.talktofrank.com/drug/cathinones#how-it-feels
  • https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-67240949
  • https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-68275288
  • https://fresno.ucsf.edu/sites/g/files/tkssra7616/f/wysiwyg/Stimulant-Drugs-Armenian.pdf
  • https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/news/stoke-on-trent-news/ravaged-face-monkey-dust-man-9364788
  • https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-68275288
  • https://adf.org.au/insights/monkey-dust-busting-the-myths/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2797110/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64092/
  • https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/synthetic-cathinones-bath-salts
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